Calculation Based: Chi-Squared Tests Chi-Squared Tests Formula Critical Value: the number on the table; figure out your degrees of freedom, and ALWAYS use 0.05 This means that you are 95% sure of it being accurate (if you pick...
Biogeochemical cycles: describe flow of essential elements from the environment to living things and back to environment Studies the rate of element movement between reservoirs & interaction of the current cycle with other cycles FRQ: if question asks about flow...
“Describes the number of species, niches, and trophic levels in the ecosystem and the complexity of its food web” Factors that influence biodiversity… Climate: influences abundance and type of primary producers and number of species primary production can support...
Ecological succession is the progression of life from an uninhabited state to a fully functional and healthy ecosystem. Ex: one community with certain species is gradually and predictably replaced by another community of diff species As succession progresses, species...
Community ecology is concerned with the interaction of populations Communities and ecosystems are described with regards to the interactions between organisms and environment, biodiversity, and species diversity and composition (identity of species) Species Diversity...
“Study of the growth, abundance, and distribution of populations” Population abundance and distribution are described by… Size (N): total number of individuals in the population Density: total number of individuals per area occupied Adding = thru birth or immigration;...
Food chain: linear flow chart of who eats whom and direction of nutrient and energy transfer Food web: linked group of food chains (animals have more than one food source) Conservation of Mass Matter, like energy, cannot be created or destroyed. But elements can...
Long-term conditions in an area Four physical factors— temperature, precipitation, sunlight, and wind Climograph: plot of the annual mean temperature and precipitation in a particular region Global Climate Patterns Determined largely by the input of solar energy...
Signal: A stimulus transmitted from one organism Communication: the transmission and reception of signals between animals of same species Common modes of animal communication: visual, chemical, tactile, auditory, Uses: indicate dominance, find food, establish...
Circadian rhythm: pattern of behavioral activity aligned with 24 hour cycle (AKA biological clock); daily cycle of rest and activity Can persist without external cues but cues can help → light can maintain synchronization Biological rhythms can be linked to light/dark...
Review Behavior: reaction of living things to stimuli (either from the physical environment or other living things) Behaviors may be encoded in DNA or learned; group behaviors or individual Behavior used to maintain homeostasis, find mates and nutrients Proximate...
Similarities among all members Multicellular & heterotrophic Dominant generation in the life cycle is diploid Most are motile during at least some part of life
Similarities among all plants Multicellular; cell wall Autotrophic Rooted in the ground Organs & Interactions with the Environment Roots: anchor plants to the ground; absorb water and nutrients. Water capacity of roots improved by increasing absorbing surface area...
Structure Grow as filaments called hyphae; mass of hyphae is called mycelium Some have septa (cross walls) which divide the filament into compartments containing single nucleus Cell walls consist of Chitin: nitrogen-containing polysaccharide Ecological Interaction...
Extremely diverse: can be algae-like, animal-like, fungus-like; unicellular, multicellular Evolutionary relationships are weak, poorly understood, or both Features shared by two or more groups may represent convergent evolution Algae-Like All obtain energy by...
What makes Archaea Different? Cell walls contain diff polysaccharides, not peptidoglycans, cellulose, or chitin Plasma membrane contain different phospholipids What Makes Archaea Similar Like bacteria, are prokaryotes Like eukaryotes, are not inhibited by antibiotics...
Characteristics of Prokaryotes: Small size and rapid reproduction High genetic variation → live in diverse environments Bacteria Structure and Review Cell wall: made with peptidoglycan (carb polymer...
Autotrophs: make their own organic molecules Photoautotrophs Use light energy (as in photosynthesis) Chemoautotrophs Use energy obtained from inorganic substances (as in chemosynthesis) Heterotrophs: obtain carbon & energy from other organisms Parasites Obtain...
Prokaryotes: unicellular, microorganisms that lack organelles Archaea & bacteria Cell Type Prokaryote Eukaryotes Size Smaller Bigger Multi or Uni Uni Multi Organelles No (Nucleus) Yes (Nucleus) Cell Wall Yes Plants, Fungi, and some Protists Cytoplasm No...
It is believed that all organisms share a common ancestor, There are FOUR features that support common ancestry: DNA and RNA are carriers of genetic information Ribosomes are found in all forms of life Universality of the genetic code and gene expression Core...