Amines

Amine: Amines are organic compounds, derived from ammonia NH3 where hydrogen atoms in ammonia have been replaced by a group.  Classifying Amines: Can get primary amine where one carbon atom attached to nitrogen (instead of hydrogen so leaves NH2). Secondary NH and...

1) Bases: Amines act as bases (so react with acids to from salts) due to lone pair of electrons on nitrogen accepting a proton. This forms a dative covalent bond between lone pair of electrons on N and the proton- forming an ammonium ion.  2) Salt Formation: Since...

3) Formation of Primary Amines: Aliphatic. 1) Salt Formation: Ammonia has lone pair of electrons on nitrogen so ammonia acts as nucleophile. Substitution reaction of haloalkane and ammonia, forming ammonium salt. 2) Amine Formation: Ammonium salt reacted with aqueous...

Amino Acids: An amino acid is an organic compound containing both basic amine, NH2, and acidic carboxylic acid COOH.  α- Amino Acids: Body has 20 amino acids, all of which are α- amino acids where amine group attached to α carbon atom- the second carbon atom next to...

1) Reaction of Amine Group: Amine group in amino acids is basic and reacts with acids to form salts, in same way as amine does.  Reaction of Carboxylic Acids Group in Amino Acid…  2) Reaction of Carboxylic Acid Group with Aqueous Alkali: Amino acid reacts with...

Amides: Amides are products of reactions of acyl chlorides with ammonia/ amines.  Stereoisomerism: Remember stereoisomerism are compounds with same structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space. Types of stereoisomerism are optical isomerism and E/ Z...

Addition Polymerisation: AS alkenes form polymers by addition polymerisation. Monomer of addition polymerisation will contain C=C-. Double bond breaks (pi bond breaks) in polymer and is replaced by single bond. In monomer double bond should be at either side. Imagine...

Polyester and polyamides used as fibres in clothing.  Polyesters: To form polyester, monomers joined together by ester linkages in a long chain. Polyesters can be made from one monomer OR two monomers…  When a polymer made from one monomer. The OH and COOH must be...

Polyamides: Polyamides are condensation polymers when monomers joined together by amide linkages in long chain. Can be made from one monomer or two monomers…  3) Polyamides Made from One Monomer: - Polyamides made from one monomer containing either carboxylic acid...

Hydrolysing: Condensation polymers can be hydrolysed using hot aqueous alkali e.g. sodium hydroxide OR hot dilute aqueous acid e.g. HCl.  Wherever there is an amide or ester bond, can break it apart and forms products either side of it. Add water on.  5) Hydrolysing...