Amines

Amines

Amine: Amines are organic compounds, derived from ammonia NH3 where hydrogen atoms in ammonia have been replaced by a group.  Classifying Amines: Can get primary amine where one carbon atom attached to nitrogen (instead of hydrogen so leaves NH2). Secondary NH and...

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Reactions of Amines

1) Bases: Amines act as bases (so react with acids to from salts) due to lone pair of electrons on nitrogen accepting a proton. This forms a dative covalent bond between lone pair of electrons on N and the proton- forming an ammonium ion.  2) Salt Formation: Since...

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Preparation of Amines

3) Formation of Primary Amines: Aliphatic. 1) Salt Formation: Ammonia has lone pair of electrons on nitrogen so ammonia acts as nucleophile. Substitution reaction of haloalkane and ammonia, forming ammonium salt. 2) Amine Formation: Ammonium salt reacted with aqueous...

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Amino Acids

Amino Acids: An amino acid is an organic compound containing both basic amine, NH2, and acidic carboxylic acid COOH.  α- Amino Acids: Body has 20 amino acids, all of which are α- amino acids where amine group attached to α carbon atom- the second carbon atom next to...

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Reactions with Amino Acid

1) Reaction of Amine Group: Amine group in amino acids is basic and reacts with acids to form salts, in same way as amine does.  Reaction of Carboxylic Acids Group in Amino Acid…  2) Reaction of Carboxylic Acid Group with Aqueous Alkali: Amino acid reacts with...

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Amides and Chirality

Amides: Amides are products of reactions of acyl chlorides with ammonia/ amines.  Stereoisomerism: Remember stereoisomerism are compounds with same structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space. Types of stereoisomerism are optical isomerism and E/ Z...

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Condensation Polymers

Addition Polymerisation: AS alkenes form polymers by addition polymerisation. Monomer of addition polymerisation will contain C=C-. Double bond breaks (pi bond breaks) in polymer and is replaced by single bond. In monomer double bond should be at either side. Imagine...

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Polyester

Polyester and polyamides used as fibres in clothing.  Polyesters: To form polyester, monomers joined together by ester linkages in a long chain. Polyesters can be made from one monomer OR two monomers…  When a polymer made from one monomer. The OH and COOH must be...

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Polyamides

Polyamides: Polyamides are condensation polymers when monomers joined together by amide linkages in long chain. Can be made from one monomer or two monomers…  3) Polyamides Made from One Monomer: - Polyamides made from one monomer containing either carboxylic acid...

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Hydrolysing Condensation Polymers

Hydrolysing: Condensation polymers can be hydrolysed using hot aqueous alkali e.g. sodium hydroxide OR hot dilute aqueous acid e.g. HCl.  Wherever there is an amide or ester bond, can break it apart and forms products either side of it. Add water on.  5) Hydrolysing...

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