Buffer capacity: represents the amount of H+ or OH- the buffer can absorb without a significant change in pH The buffer capacity is determined by the [A-] & [HA] (molarity) ○ More moles = greater capacity ○ Less moles = less capacity bcuz there...
○ Is only used to determine the pH of a buffer system ○ Can be molarity, moles or mmols of A- & HA The pH of a buffered solution is determined by the ratio of [A-]/[HA] ○ What if the acid and conjugate base are equal in...
What is a Buffer? A weak acid and its conjugate base together ○ Conjugate base usually present within a salt A weak base and its conjugate acid together The purpose of a buffer is to resist changes in pH when either H+ or OH- are added Write the Reaction of… Adding a...
pH and pKa If you know the pH and pKa on an environment, you can know the ratio of [A-]/[HA] ○ If the ratio of [A-]/[HA] is > 1 → [HA] < [A-] & pH > pKa, ○ If the ratio of [A-]/[HA] is < 1 → [HA] > [A-] & pH < pKa...
Note: stronger acid/base = less stable X-H Acids For X-H acids, there are two factors for acid strength Bond Strength (between H and other atom): low = strong acid bcuz H can easily dissociate Compare bond dissociation energies 2. Bond Polarity (high → weak acid) The...
In acid-base titrations/reactions, are dealing with neutralization reactions (Use NmN Tables→ water is not a reactant) ○ N: neutralization reaction ○ M: mmols ...
Acid Dissociation Constant For weak acids only: (note [H+] is the same as [H3O+]) ○ Strong acids don't have Ka Larger Ka = stronger weak acid → will produce more H3O+ ions and thus a lower (more acidic) pH Weak Acids Any acid that is not one of the 6...
Strong Acids Strong acids dissociate completely → reaction will go to completion [H+] = [HA] → molarity of H+ = molarity of the strong acid Strong Acids to know: HCl, HClO4 (Perchloric), HI, HBr, H2SO4 (Sulfuric), HNO3 (nitric) ○ Any other acid is a weak...
Acids All acids start with H Covalent bonds bcuz hydrogen bonds with nonmetals Can usually tell that is an acid b/c produces H+ in solution Naming acids Binary: hydro___ic acid Polyatomic: NO hydro ○ -ate = __ic acid ○ -ite = __ous acid Bases...