Aldehyde: C= O or carbonyl group at the end. Written as CHO. Suffix –al. Ketones: C= O or carbonyl group in middle. Written as CO. Suffix –one. Carbonyl group needs to be numbered, unlike aldehyde- which always in position 1. Octanal- suffix starts with vowel, so...
2, 4- DNP: A solution of 2,4- dinitrophenylhydrazine is used to detect presence of carbonyl functional group in aldehydes and ketones. If present, a yellow/ orange precipitate called 2,4- dinitrophenylhydrazone produced. Brady’s Reagent: In practical’s, 2,4- DNP...
Carboxyl Group: Carboxyl group in carboxylic acid. Uses: Carboxylic acids found in medicines and vinegar. Naming: Methanoic acid HCOOH is simplest. As suffix starts with vowel, shorten butane to butan. Solubility of Carboxylic Acids: - Polar C=O bond and O-H...
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: A derivative of carboxylic acid is a compound that can be hydrolysed to form the parent carboxylic acid. Esters, acyl chlorides, acid anhydrides and amides are derivatives of carboxylic acid. All carboxylic acid derivatives contain acyl...
An ester is a carboxylic acid derivative. Naming Ester: Put alcohol part first and then acid. Ester commonly used for perfumes or flavourings as they have a fruity smell. 1) Esterification: Esterification is reaction of an alcohol with carboxylic acid to form a...
Acyl chloride is a carboxylic acid derivative. Don’t forget the HCl when reacting with acyl chlorides. 1) Preparing Acyl Chloride: Carboxylic acid and SOCl2 thionyl chloride. Produces gases SO2 and HCl. Carry out in fume cupboard as products harmful. Reactions...