C5.4 How can we extract useful materials from minerals? The lithosphere contains many naturally occurring elements and compounds called minerals. Ores are rocks that contain varying amounts of minerals, from which metals can be extracted. Sometimes very large amounts...
C5.3 What types of chemicals make up the Earth’s lithosphere? The Earth’s lithosphere is the rigid outer layer that is made up of the crust and the part of the mantle just below it – the lithosphere is made up of a mixture of minerals The chart shows the relative...
C5.2 What reactions happen in the hydrosphere? HYDROSPHERE – all the water on the Earth including oceans, seas, lakes and rivers) – the water contains dissolved compounds called salts. Ions in crystals of a solid ionic compound are arranged in a regular way forming a...
C5.1 What types of chemicals make up the atmosphere? The Earth is surrounded by an atmosphere that is a mixture of gases – some of these gasses are molecular elements and some are molecular compounds. Most non-metal elements are molecular and most of these consist of...