Aromatic Chemistry

Benzene

Benzene: Benzene is C6H6. Classed as an aromatic hydrocarbon or an arene. Two ways to draw benzene. Questions may use either, even though right one is misleading.  Joined double benzene ring has 10 carbons and not 12.  Physical Properties: Benzene is colourless,...

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Electrophilic Substitution Reactions of Benzene

Electrophilic Substitution: Benzene and its derivatives react with an electrophile which replaces a hydrogen atom on benzene.  1) Nitration of Benzene: Benzene reacts with nitric acid to form nitrobenzene in electrophilic substitution. Reaction catalysed by conc....

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Phenol

Phenols: Phenols contain a hydroxyl, -OH, directly bonded to an aromatic ring. Simplest member called phenol C6H5OH, same name as the group. Another example is 2- hydroxybenzoic acid below.  Aromatic Alcohol: Remember an alcohol is –OH bonded to carbon chain. An...

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Directing Groups

Activation: A group present in reactant that activates the ring, so aromatic ring reacts more readily with electrophiles.  Deactivation: A group present in reactant that deactivates the ring, so aromatic ring reacts less readily with electrophiles.  Activation and...

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