Benzene: Benzene is C6H6. Classed as an aromatic hydrocarbon or an arene. Two ways to draw benzene. Questions may use either, even though right one is misleading. Joined double benzene ring has 10 carbons and not 12. Physical Properties: Benzene is colourless,...
Electrophilic Substitution: Benzene and its derivatives react with an electrophile which replaces a hydrogen atom on benzene. 1) Nitration of Benzene: Benzene reacts with nitric acid to form nitrobenzene in electrophilic substitution. Reaction catalysed by conc....
Phenols: Phenols contain a hydroxyl, -OH, directly bonded to an aromatic ring. Simplest member called phenol C6H5OH, same name as the group. Another example is 2- hydroxybenzoic acid below. Aromatic Alcohol: Remember an alcohol is –OH bonded to carbon chain. An...
Activation: A group present in reactant that activates the ring, so aromatic ring reacts more readily with electrophiles. Deactivation: A group present in reactant that deactivates the ring, so aromatic ring reacts less readily with electrophiles. Activation and...