Trends Across Period 3

Explain the physical states (under standards conditions) and electrical conductivity (in the molten state) of the chlorides and oxides of the elements in period 3 in terms of their bonding and structure

Summary of Chlorides

Summary of Oxides

13.1.2 – Describe the reactions of chlorine and the chlorides referred to in 13.1.1 with water

NaCl dissolves in water to form a neutral solution. The ions dissociate and assimilate into the solution. There is ion dipole bonding to attract water.

MgCl forms a slightly acidic solution.

The magnesium may also form dative bonds with the water, making the solution slightly acidic.

AlCl3 forms a highly acidic solution. The reaction with water causes spitting and acid fumes

This is a very acidic solution, with dative bonds between the aluminium and the water molecules.

The aluminium ion acts as a Bronsted-Lowry acid

This forms a highly acidic solution

The HCl dissolves to form a highly acidic solution

Forms a highly acidic solution

Reacts to form chlorine water