20.5 – Reaction Pathways
20.5.1 – Deduce reaction pathways given the starting materials and the product
Halogenoalkane to Amine
Step 1 – 1-bromopropane reacts with KCN to form propanenitrile, using nucleophilic substitution
Step 2 – Propanenitrile reacts with hydrogen when heated over a nickel catalyst to form butanamine (or 1-aminobutane)
Alkane to Amine
Step 1 – Ethane reacts with chlorine in UV light, using free radical substitution to form chloroethane.
Step 2 – Chloroethane reacts with ammonia to form ethylamine
Halogenoalkane to Alkene
This is an elimination reaction
Nitrile to Carboxylic Acid
The nitrile is converted to carboxylic acid by acid hydrolysis.
Halogenoalkane to Alcohol
This uses SN1 or SN2 substitution
Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid
The alcohol is oxidised in the presence of a potassium dichromate catalyst
Alcohol and Carboxylic Acid to Ester
This is a condensation reaction that requires an acid catalyst
Carboxylic Acid to Amide
This is a condensation reaction
Amine and Carboxylic Acid to Amide
This is a condensation reaction
