Option B.9 - Respiration B.9.1 - Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration of glucose in terms of oxidation/reduction and energy released The human body needs a constant supply of energy to allow the necessary chemical reactions of life to take place. Through...
Option D.1 - Pharmaceutical Products D.1.1 - List the effects of drugs and medicines Drugs and medicines are chemicals that have the ability to alter the functioning of the body, including: Incoming sensory sensation Mood or emotions Physiological state...
Option B.8 - Nucleic Acids B.8.1 - Describe the structure of nucleotides and their condensation polymers (nucleic acids or polynucleotides) Phosphate Group A phosphate group (PO43-) Sugar The five-carbon sugar is bound to the phosphate group. In DNA molecules,...
Option B.7 - Enzymes B.7.1 - Describe the characteristics of biological catalysts (enzymes) Enzymes are globular proteins that have a specific structure that allows them to catalyse a particular reaction. The shape of the active site on the molecule is crucial for...
Option B.6 - Hormones B.6.1 - Outline the production and function of hormones in the body Hormones are chemical messengers in the body, used to regulate various functions. They are produced in the endocrine glands, which secrete hormones into the blood. The hormones...
Option B.5 - Micronutrients and Macronutrients B.5.1 - Outline the difference between micronutrients and macronutrients Micronutrients These are substances that are only required in very small amounts. They usually form co-factors of enzymes. Examples include vitamins...
Option B.4 - Lipids B.4.1 - Compare the composition of the three types of lipids found in the human body Triglycerides These are formed from the condensation reaction between three fatty acids and a three-carbon glycerol molecule. Fatty acids have a long carbon chains...
Option B.3 - Carbohydrates B.3.1 - Describe the structural features of monosaccharides Monosaccharides have a general formula of CH2O. They have multiple alcohol groups (-OH) as well as a carbonyl group (-C=O). Since they are polar molecules, they are soluble in...
Option B.2 - Proteins B.2.1 - Draw the general formula of 2-amino acids The R group varies between each amino acid. B.2.2 - Describe the characteristic properties of 2-amino acids All amino acids have the same general structure. They have an amino (NH2) group, and a...
Option B.1 - Energy B.1.1 - Calculate the energy value of a food from enthalpy of combustion data Metabolism is the sum of the reactions taking place inside every living cell. Since all chemical reactions require energy, the food we eat needs to provide energy for our...