1.3 – Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells will often join with other cells to form multicellular organisms.
1.3.1 – Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of a liver cell as an example of an animal cell
1.3.2 – Annotate the diagram from 2.3.1 with the functions of each named structure
Nucleus – Contains the DNA of the cell, with pores in the nuclear membrane to allow movement of mRNA.
Nucleolus – The location of synthesis of ribosomes for use in the cell.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum – Ribosomes sit on the surface, synthesising proteins for use outside the cell.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum – Synthesises lipids and steroid hormones, as well as breaking down lipid-soluble toxins
Golgi apparatus – Modifies, processes and packages macromolecules (especially proteins) into vesicles for transport within the cell
Mitochondrion – The location of the reactions of aerobic respiration, providing energy forthe cell in the form of ATP.
Ribosomes – The free-floating ribosomes synthesise proteins that are used within the cell
Cell membrane – A lipid bilayer that acts as a protective barrier for the cell. It contains chemical receptors and pores for the movement of ions and other molecules.
Cytoplasm – Where the chemical reactions of life, including respiration, occur. This is mostly made up of water, but also some proteins (i.e. enzymes for metabolic reactions).
Lysosomes – Membrane-bound vesicles that contain enzymes for intracellular digestion. It is important for cell defence, digesting harmful organisms and chemicals.
Vacuoles – Store water to increase cell turgor.
1.3.3 – Identify structures from 2.3.1 in electron micrographs of a liver cell
1.3.4 – Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Both have:
- Cell membrane
- Metabolism
- DNA
- Require energy
- Ribosomes
- Cytoplasm
The differences between them are:
1.3.5 – State the three differences between plant and animal cells
1.3.6 – Outline two roles of extracellular components
Cell Wall – This is found around all plant cells, and is composed of cellulose. It maintains the shapes of the cell and provides structural support. It also prevents the excessive uptake of water.
Animal Extracellular Matrix – this is a secretion, sometimes of glycoproteins. It sits between cells, and can perform many additional functions such as support, adhesion, filtering, as well as a basis for the formation of tissue.