Paper 2

Sleep & Dreaming

concept info evaluation Stages of sleep Sleep cycle – process by which people pass through 4 stages of sleep and REM sleep in succession several times during full sleep Stage 1 – sleep onset -          Restful brainwaves – theta waves -          Easily woken Stage 2 –...

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Criminal Psychology

concept info evaluation operant conditioning theory positive reinforcement – receiving pleasant/desired outcome -          Increases likelihood of behaviour being repeated -          E.g., earning money when stealing negative reinforcement – taking away...

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Research Methods

concept info evaluation Variables Independent – variable that’s manipulated or changed by researcher Dependent – variable that is measured Operationalising variables – making them measurable and specific Extraneous variables – variables other than the IV that may...

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