Globalisation is the process by which businesses or other organisations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale. Another definition defines globalisation as the growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide through...
Sub-aerial weatheringthe gradual break down of rock by agents such as ice, salt, plant roots and acids. Weathering weakens cliffs and makes them more vulnerable to Salt Weathering Caused by saline water. Enters pores/cracks at high tide. Tide goes out, rocks...
Those who make decisions to invest and manufacture overseas, and who help to determine consumer tastes and opinions, come mainly from North America, Europe, and East Asia, as well as oil-rich billionaire investors from Russia, Nigeria, and Saudi Arabia. China, India,...
Cliffs and Wave-cut Platforms Cliffs- form as the sea erodes the land. They retreat due to the action of waves and weathering. Weathering and wave erosion cause a notch to form at the high-water mark - a cave is formed. Rock above becomes unstable and collapses....
During colonial times, when it was ruled by Britain, Ghana was the world's largest producer of coca. The British government set the price that Ghanaian farmers would receive. Since independence in 1957, three factors now dictate global cocoa prices. Commodity traders....
Beaches Form when constructive waves deposit sediment on the shore. Shingle beachesare steep and narrow; have large particles. Sand beachesare wide and flat; have small particles. Berms- ridges of sand and pebbles found at high tide marks. Runnels- grooves in the sand...
Agreeing to WTO rules can help countries to forge new trade links. In 2014-15, the EU and ASEAN negotiated new trade deals. One of the largest took place in August 2015 with Vietnam. It removed all import duties and quotas on items traded between EU countries and...
Eustatic sea level change - caused by a change in the volume of water in the sea, or by a change in the shape of the ocean basins. Causes: Climate change. Tectonic movements. Isostatic sea level change - caused by vertical movements of the land relative to the sea....
In the 1980s, 75% of Guatemala's cotton crop was exported. The income generated was used to buy pesticides, machines, and equipment for future crops. However, if Guatemala had processed its raw cotton into finished clothes, and then exported these instead, its export...
Abstraction: Removal of water from rivers, lakes, canals, reservoirs or from underground strata. Inputs: Ways in which water can get into the system. Store: Ways of storing water in a drainage basin. Output: Ways in which water can leave the system. Flow: Mechanisms...
Know how water supply is controlled by physical factors, within the hydrological cycle. Explain the supply –v- demand balance in specific locations and how this is changing. Explore human degradation of supply by over-abstraction/ saltwater incursion and other forms...
Inputs- sediment; energy from wind, waves, tides and currents. Outputs- sediment can be transported at sea or deposited further down. Flows/transfers- erosion, weathering, transportation and deposition occur. Stores/components- landforms are stores of sediment....
Wind Created by air moving from areas of high pressure to low pressure. Storms - pressure gradient is high and so strong winds. Generate powerful waves. Waves Created by the wind blowing over the surface of the sea. Friction gives its circular motion. Height is...
High Energy Coasts Receive high inputs of energy in the form of large, powerful waves. Caused by strong winds, long fetches and steeply shelving offshore zones. Sandy coves and rocky landforms. Erosion is higher than deposition. Low Energy Coasts Receive low inputs of...
Inputs of Sediment into the System Rivers carry sediment from inland. Sea level rise can flood river valleys, forming estuaries. Eroded material from cliffs by waves, weathering and landslides. Waves, tides and currents can transport sediment into the coastal zone...