Adaptation and evolution
A niche is a role of specie within a habitat. A niche a specie occupies within a habitat includes its interactions with other living organisms, and its interactions with the non-living environment. Every specie has a unique niche, and a niche can only be occupied by one specie, there is always a slight difference between the niches.
There are three ways to which an organism can be adapted to their niche:
Useful adaptations become more common within a population of species because of evolution by natural selection. Individuals within a population show variation in their phenotype, predation, disease and competition create a struggle for survival, so individuals with better adaptations will perform better and are more likely to survive. This is an outline of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. An example is the peppered moths, which showed a variation in colour, light and dark, with due to industrial revolution the populations of each varied.