Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons – a substance made of Hydrogen and Carbon
Homologous Series – a series of carbon compounds differing from each other only by the addition of more CH2 groups to increase the length of the carbon chains.
Isomers – different forms of the same molecular formula with different structural formulae
Alkanes | Alkenes |
· Non-polar molecules
· Weak intermolecular attractions · Low melting point and boiling point (but increases as size increases) · Lower density than water · Saturated Hydrocarbons · Single bonds only · Formula = CnH2n +2 · Gas state between 1-4 C’s · Liquid state between 5-17 C’s |
· Non-polar molecules
· Weak intermolecular attractions · Low melting point and boiling point (but increases as size increases) · Unsaturated Hydrocarbons · Contain a double bond · Formula = CnH2n · Extremely reactive due to double bonds breaking · Turns bromine water from red to colourless |
e.g. Ethane (C2H6)
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e.g. Ethene (C2H4)
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Alcohols | Carboxylic Acids |
· Polar molecules (decreases as more carbons added)
· Strong intermolecular attractions · Formula = CnH2n +1OH · Colourless volatile liquids · Burn cleanly and efficiently, but with less energy from presence of oxygen |
· Polar molecules
· Formula = CnH2n+1COOH · Strong intermolecular attractions · Weak acids · Formed through the oxidation of Alcohols · Reacts with Alcohols to form Esters |
e.g. Ethanol (C2H5OH)
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e.g. Ethanoic Acid (CH3COOH)
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