CHAPTER 22: Ionic Equilibria
- pH, fta, pfta and ftw
- Acid-base Titrations
- Buffer Solutions
- Solubility Equilibria
Learning outcomes:
- explain the terms pH, fta, pfta, ftw and use them in calculations
- calculate [H⁺(aq)] and pH values for strong and weak acids and strong bases
- explain the choice of suitable indicators for acid-base titrations, given appropriate data
- describe the changes in pH during acid-base titrations and explain these changes in terms of the strengths of the acids and bases
- (i) explain how buffer solutions control pH
(ii) describe and explain their uses, including the role of HCO³⁻ in controlling pH in blood.
- calculate the pH of buffer solutions, given appropriate data
- show understanding of, and use, the concept of solubility product, ftsp.
- calculate ftsp from concentrations and vice versa
- show understanding of the common ion effect.