CHAPTER 18: Carbonyl Compounds

• Introduction to Aldehydes and Ketones
• Reactions Aldehydes and Ketones
• Tests for Aldehydes and Ketones

Learning outcomes:

• describe:
  • the formation of aldehydes and ketones from primary and secondary alcohols respectively using Cr2O7²⁻/H⁺.
  • the reduction of aldehydes and ketones, g. using NaBH4 or LiAlH4.
  • the reaction of aldehydes and ketones with HCN and NaCN
• describe the mechanism of the nucleophilic addition reactions of hydrogen cyanide with aldehydes and ketones
• describe the use of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH) reagent to detect the presence of carbonyl compounds
• deduce the nature (aldehyde or ketone) of an unknown carbonyl compound from the results of simple tests (i.e. Fehling’s and Tollens’ reagents; ease of oxidation).