8.4 Theory of Acids and Bases The Arrhenius theory According to Arrhenius theory: An acid is a substance which ionises in water to give hydrogen ions, H⁺. A base is a substance which ionises in water to give hydroxide ions, OH⁻. Limitations of this theory: When...
8.3 Equilibrium Constants Equilibrium constants, ftc and ftp Equilibrium constant is the value of the reaction quotient when the reaction has reached equilibrium. Alternatively, it can also be defined as the measure of the extent in which reactants are converted...
8.1 Dynamic Equilibria Reversible reactions A reversible reaction is one which can proceed in both directions, as indicated by the "⇌" sign. For example: H2 + I2 ⇌ 2HI 2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3 In a reversible reaction, the reactants react to form the...
8.2 Factors Affecting Chemical Equilibria Position of equilirbium 1) The position of equilibrium refers to the relative amount of products and reactants present in an equilibrium mixture. Le Chatelier's principle Le Chatelier's principle states that if a...
CHAPTER 8: Chemical Equilibria Dynamic Equilibria Factors Affecting Chemical Equilibria Equilibrium Constant Theory of Acids and Bases Learning outcomes: explain, in terms of rates of the forward and reverse reactions, what is meant by a reversible...