-Metallic bonding: a lattice of tightly packed positive ions in a sea of electrons, resulting in crystals, therefore: Metals are malleable and ductile – the layers of ions can slide over each other Metals are good conductors – free electrons take energy...
3.2 (b) Molecules and covalent bonds Single covalent bond: a bond where 2 non-metals share a pair of electrons to get full-outer shells as seen in H2, Cl2, H2O, CH4 and HCl represented by a line connecting the two symbols e.g. H-H Double bond is when 4 electrons are...
3.2 (c) Macromolecules Diamond: has four bonds, high melting point, does not conduct and is very hard. Used for cutting, because it is the hardest known substance (2 left pictures below). Graphite: has three bonds, made of flat sheets that are held together by...
3.2 (a) Ions and ionic bonds Ion: is a charged atom (i.e. number of protons does not equal number of electrons). They form by losing an electron (reduction) increases charge by 1, or by gaining one (oxidation) decreases charge by 1. Remember OIL RIG: oxidation is...
1.1 Bonding: the structure of matter Element: a substance that cannot be split into anything simpler, in a chemical reaction. Each element has a unique proton number. Mixture: two or more elements mixed together BUT that are not chemically combined Compound: a...
Atoms, elements and compounds Atomic structure and the Periodic Table Particle Relative charge Mass (atomic mass units) Proton +1 1 Neutron 0 1 Electron -1 1/1840 Proton number: the number of protons in an atom (and the number of electrons in an uncharged atom)....