Climate:
- Wet and dry seasons.
- 500-1000mm of rain per year.
- Hot throughout the year.
- High pressure and strong trade winds in the dry season.
- Wet season dominated by the ITCZ.
- Fires may occur caused by heat and lightning.
Vegetation:
- Trees dominate over grasses where the wet season is longer – dense rainforest towards the equator.
- Grasses may be up to 2m tall – long roots.
- Adaptations include fire resistant bark, water storage etc.
Soil:
- Deep red lateric soils.
- Influenced by climate.
- Silica is leached downwards in the wet season.
- Crust formed in the dry season.
Biodiversity:
- Greater towards the equator.
- Acacia, Baobab, Umbrella Thorn, Elephant Grass.
- Great animal migrations occur meaning that biodiversity drops at certain times.
- 40% of the land in Tanzania has been designated as a National Park to help conserve biodiversity.
- African Elephant, Black Rhino, Zebra and Cheetah are endangered.