Reducing risk of volcanoes:
Monitoring and prediction
○ Easier to predict volcanic eruptions than earthquakes
○ Volcanoes give advance warning signals before eruption
■ But difficult to predict date and time
○ Satellites (GPS) and tiltmeters → monitor ground deformation (changes of the volcano’s surface)
○ Seismometers measure small earthquakes/tremors
○ Thermal sensors detect changes in temperature of volcano’s surface
○ Gas-trapping bottles measure radon/sulphur gases released
○ Scientists measure temperature of water in streams/rivers to check for increase
● Protection
○ Protecting against a volcanic eruption is very difficult
■ Buildings cannot be designed to withstand volcanic flow /lahars/weight of debris/ash
○ People must evacuate their homes to a safe location – under instructions of the authorities
● Planning
○ Evacuation plan is the most effective
■ Authorities/emergency services need to prepare emergency shelter/food/evacuation
strategies
○ Exclusion zones can be designated → no one is allowed in vulnerable areas
○ Residents can be educated about how to prevent injuries/death