- Manchester is in the UK, a developed country. During the 19thand early 20th centuries, Manchester was very polluted.
- Factories and mills produced massive amounts of greenhouse gases and industrial waste, which polluted airand
- Deindustrialisationand strategies to improve the urban environment have had a significant impact on the city:
Air Pollution
- Closureof factories and better management of air quality has reduced air pollution. This has reduced the frequency of illnesses associated with poor air quality.
- Carsare the largest contributor to air pollution in Manchester today. To reduce car use, the local government is improving bus services, constructing cycle paths and expanding pedestrian walkways across the city.
Water Pollution
- Until the late 20th century the River Irwell and Manchester Ship Canal were badly polluted by industryand Since 1987, extensive work has been done to clean up these waterways.
- To reduce water pollution caused by surface runofffrom roads, the local government is installing
Dereliction
- In the late 1980s and early 1990s, deindustrialisationand job losses had caused many people to leave the city. The city centre was underpopulated, and many shops and residential areas were
- Large-scale redevelopmentof the city began in Former mills and factories were converted to luxury flats, open spaces were improved, and funding was provided for new businesses, such as the Lowry Gallery in Salford Quays.
- From 2001 to 2011, the population of the city centre nearly tripledto around 18,000.