4.1.1 Metal oxides
Metal oxides
Metal(s) + oxygen(g) → metal oxides(s)
OIL RIG
Oxidation is loss of electrons, gain of O2
Reduction is gain of electrons, loss of O2 (using carbon)
4.1.2 The reactivity series
Reactivity series – need to memorize
Please send lions, cats, monkeys and cute zebras into the lovely, hot countries, signed general penguin
Reaction with water | Native metals so unreactive | |||
Most reactive | Potassium | Ka |
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Explode |
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Sodium | Na | ||
Lithium | Li | |||
Calcium | Ca |
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Magnesium | Mg | Very slow reaction | ||
Aluminium | AI | |||
Carbon | C | |||
Zinc | Zn | Very slow reaction |
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Iron | Fe | |||
Tin | Sn | Slight reaction with steam | React slowly with warm acid | |
Lead | Pb | |||
Hydrogen | H | |||
Copper | Cu | Native metals so unreactive | ||
Silver | Ag | |||
Gold | Au | |||
Least reactive | Tin | Pt |
Extraction of metals and reduction
Ore – a rock that contains enough metal to make it economical to extract
Extraction of metals | |||
Most reactive | Potassium | Ka | Extract by electrolysis |
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Sodium | Na | |
Lithium | Li | ||
Calcium | Ca | ||
Magnesium | Mg | ||
Aluminium | AI | ||
Carbon | C | ||
Zinc | Zn | Metal ore
Extract by metal oxide by reduction using carbon Why carbon? C is more reactive |
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Iron | Fe | ||
Tin | Sn | ||
Lead | Pb | ||
Hydrogen | H | Occur native in the ground | |
Copper | Cu | ||
Silver | Ag | ||
Gold | Au | ||
Most reactive | Tin | Pt |
4.1.4 Oxidation and reduction in terms of electrons (HT only)
Displacement reaction
- More reactive displace less reactive elements
- More reactive(s) + compound(aq) → less reactive(s) + compound(aq)
Eg Magnesium + copper chloride → copper + magnesium chloride
Mg + CuCl2 → Cu + MgCl2
- Magnesium loses 2e– & become Mg2+ → oxidation
Mg → Mg2+ + 2e–
- Copper gains 2e– & become Cu → reduction
Cu2+ + 2e– → Cu
Ionic equation
Solid and liquid don’t separate