All halogens exist as diatomic molecules (F2, Cl2 etc…). There are some general trends you should know: Boiling Point; The BP will increase as you go down the group. Halogen molecules only possess VDW’s forces between the molecules, so therefore the stronger the VDW’s...
A transition metal is a metal atom that has a partially filled d sub-orbital in an atom or at-least 1 of its stable ions. The transition metals are as follows: However, Zn is not a transition metal as neither the Zn atom or Zn2+ ion have a partially filled d...
REDOX reactions can take 2 forms; reduction & oxidation. Oxidation is the loss of electrons (or the gain of hydrogen) whereas Reduction is the gain of electrons (or the loss of a hydrogen). You can remember this through the term OILRIG. Reducing Agents (denoted by...
Elements are classified into horizontal periods with their outer most electron in the same outer most shell. They are also classified into vertical groups with similar chemical and physical properties. However, the periodic table has its own classification of the...
Reactions with water: Na -> Sodium reacts very violently with water, fizzing across the surface of the water, releasing Hydrogen gas, and producing a strong alkali solution of NaOH. Mg -> Magnesium reacts much more slowly with cold water, producing bubbles of...
Atomic Radius: Increases down group 2 as electrons are added to energy shells further away from the positive nucleus. Ionisation Energy: Decreases down group 2, as although nuclear charge increases, electron shielding & atomic radius increase, so less...