How was the constitution reformed from 2010 onwards?

  1. PARLIAMENTARY
  • Fixed Term PA (2011) – made GEs every 5 years – PM no longer able to call election when advantageous to them.
  • However, HofC can call snap election with a 2/3 vote – as done in 2017.
  • House of Lords Act (2014) – gave peers right to resign/retire and allowed them to be removed for offence – 54              resigned in 2016 and 4 removed.
  1. SCOTTISH DEVOLUTION
  • Scotland Act (2012) – Ability to tax up/down by 10p and borrow up to 2.2b a year.
  • Scotland Act (2016) – ability to amend sections of 1998 Scot Actm, leg control over specific areas such as oil and          full control of income tax.
  1. WELSH DEVOLUTION
  • Wales Act (2014) – control over smaller taxes and provided the legal framework for a referendum on the partial            devolution of income tax.
  • Wales Act (2017) – allowed Wales to legislate on matters that aren’t reserved to Westminster.