VSEPR Model: Valence shell electron-pair repulsion → used to predict the geometries of covalent compound ○ States that structure of a molecule is principally determined by minimizing electron-pair repulsions between atoms ■ The lone and bonded...
Resonance Resonance: is used when more than one valid Lewis structure can be written for a molecule (can move a double bond between the same elements) ○ Actual electron structure of the molecule is an average of these resonance structures Equal...
Lewis Structure for Ions Rule: only the valence electrons are included → Metal cation won’t have any dots Lewis Structure for Molecules with Covalent Bonds How to Draw Lewis Structures Identify central atom → usually element that is drawn first and there is only one...
Metallic Solids Metallic solid: are held together by the strong forces of attraction between the positively charged metal ions and delocalized electrons (electrons not associated with a single atom or molecule) ○ Bonding is equal and nondirectional...
Ionic solids: stable substances held together by opposite charges (electrostatic attraction) Will not conduct electricity in solid form → only when ions are mobile (melted (molten) or dissolved) ○ In order to conduct electricity need charged particles...
Chemical Bonds Bonds: forces that hold groups of atoms together and make them act as one unit; attraction between the nucleus of one atom and the electron of another ○ Bonds occur so atoms can achieve noble gas electron configuration ○ As the...
Ionic Bonding Ionic Bonds Electrons are transferred from one atom to another creating ions Metal + nonmetal ○ Metals form cations (lose e- bcuz low IE) and nonmetals form anions (gain e- bcuz high IE) ○ Cations are attracted to anions; (+)...