- Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix; cytosol of prokaryotes
- Begins when 2-carbon Acetyl CoA combines with 4-carbon OAA (oxaloacetate) to form citrate
- Citrate functions as inhibitor of glycolysis
- Result:
- 2 CO2 molecules produced
- 6 NADH created
- 2 FADH2 created: makes less ATP bcuz transfers electrons at lower energy level
- Electrons are transferred to coenzymes NADH and FADH2 that will donate electrons to be oxidized and then reused
- 2 ATP created but most energy transferred to NAD+ and FAD
- Is a closed loop bcuz last part of process reforms 1st molecule
- Turns two times for one molecule of glucose (one for each pyruvate)
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
- Glycolysis and Citric Acid Cycle make ATP this way
- Enzyme transfers phosphate from substrate molecule to ADP
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION (electron transfer and chemiosmosis)
- Process of producing ATP from NADH and FADH2 as electrons give up energy used to phosphorylate ADP to ATP
- Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes; plasma membrane of prokaryotes
- Cytochromes: proteins carriers, function in oxidative phosphorylation