4.7 Types of Chemical Reactions

Common Types of Chemical Reactions

1. Precipitation Reactions: formation of a solid occurs
2. Acid-Base Reactions: involves a transfer of H+ ions

• Justify:

          ○ Acid donates a proton & becomes its conjugate base

          ○ Base accepts a proton & becomes its conjugate acid

3. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions: involves electron transfer & changes in oxidation states

Precipitation Reactions

• Precipitation reaction: two aqueous solutions are mixed → solution turns cloudy → precipitate forms

         ○ Precipitate: Solid/insoluble product

• Remember: In virtually every case, when an ionic solid is dissolved in water, the ions separate

         ○ Take the cation from one reactant and combine it with the anion of the other reactant

Solubility Rules (for AP exam memorize first 2)

• Allow us to predict whether a product forms as a solid.

          ○ (slightly soluble = not)

1. Nitrate (NO3-) and acetate (C2H3O2) salts are soluble
2. Alkali (group 1A) salts and NH4+ are soluble

 

 

 

7. Strong acids = soluble (HCl, HBr, HI, HNO₃, HClO₄, H₂SO₄)

• When given salts with conflicting info, higher number rules are more important (ex: NaS is soluble)