Common Types of Chemical Reactions
- Precipitation Reactions: formation of a solid occurs
- Acid-Base Reactions: involves a transfer of H+ ions
- Justify:
○ Acid donates a proton & becomes its conjugate base
○ Base accepts a proton & becomes its conjugate acid
- Oxidation-Reduction Reactions: involves electron transfer & changes in oxidation states
Precipitation Reactions
- Precipitation reaction: two aqueous solutions are mixed → solution turns cloudy → precipitate forms
○ Precipitate: Solid/insoluble product
- Remember: In virtually every case, when an ionic solid is dissolved in water, the ions separate
○ Take the cation from one reactant and combine it with the anion of the other reactant
Solubility Rules (for AP exam memorize first 2)
- Allow us to predict whether a product forms as a solid.
○ (slightly soluble = not)
- Nitrate (NO3-) and acetate (C2H3O2) salts are soluble
- Alkali (group 1A) salts and NH4+ are soluble
7. Strong acids = soluble (HCl, HBr, HI, HNO₃, HClO₄, H₂SO₄)
- When given salts with conflicting info, higher number rules are more important (ex: NaS is soluble)