Munroe & Munroe – notes African cultures are more obedient in comparison to other cultures. Due to higher obedience in countries with military gov or dictator.
Edwards – 87.5% obedience in south Africa. As a collective culture meaning it is one that values need of a group or community over individuals more likely to be independent to help out community. Individual cultures is when individuals care for own needs rather than community.
Smith & Bond – ppl who belong to individualistic cultures behave more independently than those from collective cultures in which group decisions valued. Individual cultures more concerned with individual success. Culture can effect levels of independent behaviour.
Mantell – study in Germany using Milgram procedure alongside a CG who could chose when to stop. Found 85% obedience.
Shanaba Yahya – 192 Jordanian ppts (aged 6-8, 10-12, 14-16) Followed Milgram’s procedure & 73% delivered till the end shock. High lvls of obedience.
Schruz – 56 Austrians & asked to give painful burst of ultrasound to learner. Found no link between LOC & 80% who went to highest shock, those who were internal LOC took control of their own actions.
Meeus & Raajjimaker – study in Netherlands of administrative violence as to physical violence. Experimenter, ppt & confederate seen as job applicant. PPt to disturb the confederate with 15 neg comments of performance & personality during an interview & if he failed he’d be unemployed. Ppts had 4 prods. 92% make all 15 marks. (Higher task validity)
These studies show variation in findings between countries but may not be due to culture but due to age of ppt, task presented to them.
| Strengths | Weaknesses |
| Trandis – found higher level of obedience in countries where there was a dictator as a leader – therefore shows that people obey due to cultural situational effects which influence their behaviour.
Meeus & Raajjimaker – study in Netherlands of Ppts having to make 15 negative comments about a confederate applying for a job & had 4 prods. 92% make all 15 marks – shows that other cultures have higher obedience. Higher task validity – as ppts used administrative violence rather than physical, in social situations obedience can be in forms of verbal abuse – meaning task can reflect natural obedience. Application – suggests obedience is universal and that the ability to be obedient is in all cultures and not just Germany & is a natural behaviour – can refuse Germans are different hypothesis. |
Low eco validity – replications of Milgram’s studies which are done in an artificial lab where everything is controlled – ppts less likely to show natural behaviours and subject to DC.
Different theory – rundown office 48% obedience – situation effects more important. Meeus & Raajjimaker – found 92% of ppts making all 15 remarks, isn’t exactly an exact replication as involved making stress remarks and meaning there could be EV due to results and not just culture.
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