Strategies
• Attempts to change + modernise norms
• Non-government organisations (NGOs) such as charities – Oxfam
• Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of multi-national companies (MNCs)
• Laws + treaties
• UN peacekeeping operations
• Humanitarian (military) intervention and relief assistance
Treaty = Formally concluded + ratified agreement between states
Varying scales:
• Supranational – UN
Independent intergovernmental body with councils to advocate a range of HR. Office of the
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) has lead responsibility for promotion +
protection of HR. Supports peacekeeping missions and has authority to investigate + issue
reports. Treaty bodies monitor implementation of core international HR treaties.
• Regional -OSCE (Organisation for Security + Co-operation in Europe)
• National – Government
• Local – NGOs often work within small communities
Human rights violations can be a cause and consequence of conflict
Case study – Strategies for global governance of HRs in Afghanistan, an area of conflict
