The unequal treatment of individuals based on their gender.
Global Gender Gap Index
Created by World Economic Forum (WEF)
Factors explaining variation
Linked to a range of factors that cause HR inequalities.
Employment:
• Social norms of women as unpaid domestic workers.
• Little childcare support
• Employer discrimination
• Cultural beliefs and social acceptance
Healthcare:
• Enforced marriage
• Lack of empowerment
• Sexual violence
• Forced sterilisation / abortion
• Harmful traditions
Education:
• Prohibitive costs
• Negative classroom environments
• Child marriage
• Insufficient government investment
• Lack of role models
• Inadequate sanitation in schools for menstruation
Economic = Poverty, Unemployment, family enslavement, low wages, subsistence farming
Political = Instability, Investment, corruption, discrimination
Social = Cultural barriers, Literacy, trafficking, conflict, contraception, prejudice, sanitation
Case Study – Women’s rights in India
